Generated by All in One SEO v5.0.0.1, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # ISCST ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://www.iscst.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [ISCST Announces 2026 Tallmadge Awardees](https://www.iscst.com/iscst-announces-2026-tallmadge-awardees/) - Professor Satish Kumar and Professor Hadj Benkreira both to receive the 2026 Tallmadge Award The International Society for Coating Science and Technology will present a dual 2026 Tallmadge award to Professor Hadj Benkreira of the University of Bradford and Professor Satish Kumar of the University of Minnesota. The awards will be presented to both recipients - [Edward D. Cohen Student Awardees Announced](https://www.iscst.com/edward-d-cohen-student-awardees-announced/) - The Edward D. Cohen Student Travel Awards are granted to accomplished students and recent graduates to help defray costs associated with attending the ISCST Symposium. Awardees were selected by the ISCST Edward D Cohen Student Travel Award Committee based on nomination packages submitted for each candidate. Each recipient will present a talk or poster during the - [2026 ISCST Symposium Reminder: Registration Deadlines](https://www.iscst.com/dont-miss-early-bird-rates-for-23rd-iscst-symposium/) - Register today to take advantage of discounted registration rates Registration Info Standard rate registration rate expires in less than 4 weeks: August 17th. After that, the late registration fee applies. Don't forget to also make your Accommodations! Book before August 31st, 2026 for discounted hotel rate. Note the Symposium is scheduled to be fully in-person event. We - [Award Opportunities Announced for ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/award-opportunities-announced-for-iscst-symposium/) - ISCST is pleased to announce that nominations are now open for the following Awards that will be presented during the 23rd ISCST Symposium in Minneapolis, MN: John A. Tallmadge Award (nomination form, July 15, 2026 deadline) L.E. Scriven Young Investigator Award (nomination form, July 8, 2026 deadline) Edward D. Cohen Student Travel Award (link, May - [Technical Program Announced for ISCST 2026!](https://www.iscst.com/technical-program-announced-for-iscst-2026/) - The technical program has been published for the 23rd ISCST Symposium. Follow link to find details about the sessions, presenters, and talk abstracts: ISCST 2026 Technical Program Early-bird Registration Rates Available until July 6th Enhance your ISCST Symposium experience by taking advantage of special add-on events available in addition to the main technical program.: - [Call for Papers Deadline Extended! | 2026 ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/call-for-papers-open-2026-iscst-symposium/) - Joins us for the 23rd International Coating Science and Technology Symposium at The Lofton Hotel in downtown Minneapolis, MN from Aug 30 - Sept 2. Call for papers is now open, so submit you abstract as soon as possible if you would like to present your poster/paper during the symposium. The deadline for oral presentations - [ISCST Special Session: 2025 AIChE Annual Meeting](https://www.iscst.com/iscst-special-session-2025-aiche-annual-meeting/) - The 2025 AIChE Annual Meeting will feature a Special Session organized by ISCST with invited talks presented by distinguished coating researchers from academic, industrial, and national laboratories. This session will cover recent advances in the mechanisms and process technology used in the preparation, application, solidification, and microstructure evolution of coated films. Details for the AIChE - [Awards Announcement: L. E. Scriven, Edward D. Cohen and ISCST Poster Awards](https://www.iscst.com/awards-announcement-l-e-scriven-and-poster-awards/) - L. E. Scriven Young Investigator Award Announcement ISCST is proud to announce the recipient of L. E. Scriven Young Investigator award at the 22nd ISCST symposium to be Prof. Lilian Hsiao. Lilian Hsiao is Associate Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at North Carolina State University. She received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University - [Highlights from the 22nd ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/highlights-from-the-22nd-iscst-symposium/) - Dr. YuanQiao Rao (left) and Dr. Scott Mauger (right) deliver plenary talks during the 22nd ISCST Symposium. Doctoral student Minwoo Jung (center) engages with attendees during the ISCST Poster Session. Chaired and co-chaired by Prof. Tequila A. L. Harris and Dr. Kristianto Tjiptowidjojo, respectively, the 22nd ISCST held in Atlanta, GA September 8-11, 2024, brought - [Short Course Abstract for 2024 ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/short-course-abstract-for-2024-iscst-symposium/) - The 22nd International Coating Science and Technology (ISCST) Symposium kick-off event will be the short course “Coating technology and coating science” presented by Ted Lightfoot on Sunday, Sept 8th . This 3-hour short course will provide background on the fundamentals of coating and drying processes that are common to technical sessions during the ISCST Symposium. - [Agenda Posted for 2024 ISCST Symposium!](https://www.iscst.com/agenda-posted-for-2024-iscst-symposium/) - We are excited to announce that the 22nd ISCST Symposium agenda has been published! The link below features an overview of the symposium structure followed by a list of individual talks, including presentation time, session, and abstract. We look forward to seeing you in Atlanta this September. Agenda Overview Rooms can be reserved at The - [Register Now for the 2024 ISCST Symposium!](https://www.iscst.com/register-now-for-the-2024-iscst-symposium/) - Registration is open for the 22nd International Coating Science and Technology Symposium that will take place at The American Hotel in downtown Atlanta, GA during September 8 – 11, 2024. Please follow the links below for more information about the symposium, registration & pricing, and sponsorship opportunities. Please nominate your students and colleagues to take - [Keynote Speakers Announced for 2024 ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/keynote-speakers-announced-for-2024-iscst-symposium/) - The 22nd ISCST Symposium will feature keynote talks presented by distinguished researchers from academic, industrial, and national laboratories. Keynote talks will cover topics related to coating materials, process and technology for energy and sustainability applications. Sections below provide talk titles, abstracts, and information about each keynote speaker. Title: "Sustainable Materials for Coatings" YuanQiao - [Submit your paper for the upcoming ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/submit-your-paper-for-the-upcoming-iscst-symposium/) - Joins us for the 22nd International Coating Science and Technology Symposium at The American Hotel in downtown Atlanta, GA from Sept 8-11. Call for papers is now open, so submit your paper now for consideration if you would like to present your poster/paper during the symposium. Sponsorships are also available if you'd like to promote - [ISCST Symposium Draws more than 100 Attendees](https://www.iscst.com/iscst-symposium-draws-more-than-100-attendees/) - The 21st International Coating Science and Technology (ISCST) Symposium (Sept. 11–14, 2022, in Minneapolis, MN), managed by AIMCAL, presented more than 50 technical sessions covering a wide range of subjects including Coating Process Fundamentals, Drying and Curing Fundamentals, Flow and Solidification of Particulate Coatings, Wetting & Adhesion, Coating Technology & Applications, Printing and Discrete Coating, - [Special ISCST Issue Published; Open Access for Limited Time](https://www.iscst.com/special-iscst-issue-published-open-access-for-limited-time-2/) - The ISCST is pleased to announce that, thanks to the leadership of Professor Hadj Benkreira, a Special ISCST Issue has been published in the recent Journal of Coatings Technology and Research released in November (Vol. 19, No. 1, 2022). This issue features selected papers that were presented at the 20th International Coatings Science and Technology - [ISCST 2022 Symposium Planned for In-Person!](https://www.iscst.com/iscst-2022-symposium-planned-for-in-person/) - The ISCST Symposium provides a forum for scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss the latest developments and discoveries in the application and solidification of thin liquid films. The Symposium features contributions from experts in both academia and industry on topics ranging from fundamental processing science to more applied research and - [ISCST 20th Symposium is going VIRTUAL in September!](https://www.iscst.com/iscst-20th-symposium-is-going-virtual-in-september/) - ISCST Symposium is Going VIRTUAL! We're excited to announce the ISCST Symposium will now be a Virtual Event from September 20-23. Join us online from the comfort of your office or home - using your laptop, desktop, tablet, or phone. Interact in a full virtual conference experience, featuring all the technical content, plenary presentations, exhibits, - [Special ISCST Issue Published; Open Access for Limited Time](https://www.iscst.com/special-iscst-issue-published-open-access-for-limited-time/) - The ISCST is pleased to announce that, thanks to the leadership of Professor Hadj Benkreira, a Special ISCST Issue has been published in the recent Journal of Coatings Technology and Research released in November (Vol. 16, No. 6, 2019). This issue features selected papers that were presented at the 19th International Coatings Science and Technology - [A Letter from the Chairs](https://www.iscst.com/a-letter-from-the-chairs-2/) - Dear Colleagues, The ISCST Symposium provides a forum for scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss their latest developments and discoveries in the application and solidification of thin liquid films. The Symposium features contributions from experts in both academia and industry on topics ranging from fundamental processing science to more applied - [A Message from the ISCST President](https://www.iscst.com/a-message-from-the-iscst-president/) - Welcome to the web site of the International Society of Coating Science and Technology (ISCST). The ISCST is a technical society formed by an international group of academic and industrial scientists and engineers to foster fundamental understanding of liquid-applied coating processes. The ISCST serves as an interface between scholarly research and industrial practice: both are - [ISCST 19th Symposium Photos](https://www.iscst.com/iscst-19th-symposium-photos/) - Thank you for attending the 19th ISCST Symposium this year in Long Beach, CA. We look forward to seeing you again in 2020! - [View the 19th Symposium Agenda and Overview](https://www.iscst.com/view-the-19th-symposium-agenda-and-overview/) - 19th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium Sep. 16-19, 2018 | Long Beach Hilton | Long Beach, CA The cut-off for the early bird and group rate is August 27th. Register and reserve your room today! Sponsorship Opportunities Hotel Information Short Course Agenda Extended Abstract Submission View Poster Sessions Registration The Journal - [Agenda and Posters Set for the 2018 ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/agenda-and-posters-set-for-the-2018-iscst-symposium/) - The preliminary agenda for the 2018 ISCST Symposium has been posted. Please click to view the agenda. The poster sessions will include: Microstructure Development and Film Defects Multilayered Coating and Drying of Thick Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries to Increase Microstructure Homogeneity, Jana Kumberg Enhanced Drying Flux from a Narrow Drying Interface: A Quantitative Study of Drying - [How to Reach ISCST:](https://www.iscst.com/96/) - If you wish to contact or discuss something with ISCST, please approach... Dr. Brian G. Higgins -ISCST President- Professor Emeritus, Dept. of Chemical Chemical Engineering University of California, Davis Davis, CA 95616 E-mail: bghiggins@ucdavis.edu - [A Message from ISCST President](https://www.iscst.com/a-message-from-iscst-president/) - Brian G. Higgins Welcome to the web site of the International Society of Coating Science and Technology (ISCST). The ISCST is a technical society formed by an international group of academic and industrial scientists and engineers to foster fundamental understanding of liquid-applied coating processes. ISCST serves as an interface between scholarly research and industrial practice: - [18th Symposium Highlights](https://www.iscst.com/18th-symposium-highlights/) - The 2016 Symposium was held in Pittsburgh from September 18th to the 21st and featured a plenary session on Micro-/Nano-Replication technology for the creation of patterned surfaces for printed electronics, information storage, light management films and more. The technical sessions included coating and drying/curing fundamentals, microstructure development, coating applications, wetting and more. Click here to - [19th Symposium Call for Papers Now Available](https://www.iscst.com/19th-symposium-call-for-papers-now-available/) - Long Beach, CA, Sept. 16 - 19, 2018 Submissions are now being collected for ISCST's 19th Symposium. We encourage you to submit your abstract now for consideration for this fantastic event. The following is a list of Symposium Topics for the 19th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium. Abstract for oral and poster presentations can - [ISCST Symposium Sets Dates, Call for Papers](https://www.iscst.com/2316-2/) - Academia and industry meet in California to share advances in coating technology. Download Press Release Here FORT MILL, SC – A call for papers for oral and poster sessions at the International Coating Science and Technology (ICST) Symposium has been posted. Organized by the International Society of Coating Science & Technology (ISCST) and facilitated by - [ISCST Award for the Best Student Poster – Poster Abstracts Accepted Until July 16, 2018](https://www.iscst.com/iscst-award-for-the-best-student-poster-poster-abstracts-accepted-until-july-16-2018/) - ISCST will continue offering an award for the Best Student Poster at the 2018 Symposium in Long Beach, CA from September 16-19, 2018. The poster session will be held on Monday, September 17th, and the winner will be announced during the symposium. To be eligible for this award the presenter of a poster must be - [A Letter From the Symposium Chairs](https://www.iscst.com/a-letter-from-the-chairs/) - Dear Colleagues, The ISCST Symposium provides a forum for scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss the latest developments and discoveries in the application and solidification of thin liquid films. The Symposium features contributions from experts in both academia and industry on topics ranging from fundamental processing science to more applied ## Pages - [21st International Coating Science and Technology Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/21st-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium/) - 21st International Coating Science and Technology Symposium Sep. 11-14, 2022 | Minneapolis, MN Schedule Sponsorships Pricing Register About the Symposium The ISCST Symposium provides a forum for scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss the latest developments and discoveries in the application and solidification of thin liquid films. The Symposium features - [Bylaws](https://www.iscst.com/bylaws/) - BYLAWS and Board Policies of ISCST ARTICLE I Section 1.01 Location Section 1.02 Purpose Section 1.03 Definitions ARTICLE II Members Section 2.01 Who shall be Members Section 2.02 Term of Membership ARTICLE III Board of Directors Section 3.01 Power of Board and Qualifications of Directors Section 3.02 Number of Directors Section 3.03 Election and Term - [Awards & Honors](https://www.iscst.com/awards-honors/) - ISCST Awards & Honors John A. Tallmadge Award L. E. Scriven Young Investigator Award Edward D. Cohen Student Travel Awards Nomination deadline for Tallmadge Award: July 15, 2026 Nomination deadline for Scriven Award: July 8, 2026 Nomination deadline for Cohen Student Travel Awards: May 29, 2026 Nomination procedure for both ISCST awards: Nominations must include - [Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/symposium/) - 23rd International Coating Science and Technology Symposium Aug. 30 - Sept.2, 2026 | The Lofton Hotel, Minneapolis, MN About the Symposium The ISCST Symposium provides a forum for scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss the latest developments and discoveries in the application and solidification of thin liquid films. The Symposium - [Committees](https://www.iscst.com/committees/) - ISCST Standing Committees Nominations Committee Current Committee Membership: 2026 Chair: Ilyess Hadj Romdhane (hadjromd@gmail.com) Responsibilities and Duties: A nominating committee appointed by the Board of Directors shall nominate a slate of officers consisting of a President, Vice-presidents, Secretary, and Treasurer. The members shall serve staggered terms of four years. Composition: 5 members consisting of incoming chair (the - [Officers](https://www.iscst.com/officers/) - Officers 2026 ISCST Symposium Planners President: Edwin J. Lightfoot Vice President of Americas: Tequila Harris Vice President of Europe: Harald Doell Vice President of Asia-Pacific: Takeaki Tsuda Secretary: Scott Mauger Treasurer: Randy Schunk Past President: Ilyess Hadj Romdhane Chair: Co-Chair: Kristianto Tjiptowidjojo Eric Vandre Directors: Email Link Biography Link Benjamin Schmidt-Hansberg, BASF LinkedIn - [2024 ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/2024-iscst-symposium/) - 22nd International Coating Science and Technology Symposium Sep. 8-11, 2024 | Atlanta, GA Symposium Venue: The American Hotel Atlanta Downtown About the Symposium The ISCST Symposium provides a forum for scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss the latest developments and discoveries in the application and solidification of thin liquid films. - [2026 ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/23rd-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium/) - 23rd International Coating Science and Technology Symposium Aug. 30 - Sept.2, 2026 | The Lofton Hotel, Minneapolis, MN About the Symposium The ISCST Symposium provides a forum for scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss the latest developments and discoveries in the application and solidification of thin liquid films. The Symposium - [About](https://www.iscst.com/about/) - A Message from ISCST President Welcome to the web site of the International Society of Coating Science and Technology (ISCST). The ISCST is a technical society formed by an international group of academic and industrial scientists and engineers that fosters sharing fundamental understanding of liquid coating processes. The ISCST serves as an interface between scholarly - [Short Courses](https://www.iscst.com/short-courses/) - Coating technology and coating science Presented by Dr. E.J. (Ted) Lightfoot, Ted Lightfoot, LLC Registration Cost: $50 Sunday, September 8, 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM Register now & learn more about the symposium. This year's short course is sponsored by FOM Technologies and includes an opportunity to take part in a tour held at - [22nd International Coating Science and Technology Symposium Agenda](https://www.iscst.com/2024-symposium-presentations/) - Browse the full list of presentations and posters accepted as part of the upcoming 2024 Symposium. More details are available by clicking on any presentation. - [Pricing | 2024 ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/pricing-2024-iscst-symposium/) - Attendee Registration Discounts & Expiration Dates Discount Cost Availability Early Bird $799.00 USD per person Available until Friday, June 14th Advance Purchase $899.00 USD per person Available between Saturday, June 15th - Wednesday, July 31st Last Chance $999.00 USD per person Available between Thursday, August 1st - Saturday, August 31st Beginning Sunday, September 1st, the - [Sponsorship Opportunities | 2024 ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/sponsorship-opportunities-2024-iscst-symposium/) - The 2024 ISCST Symposium– coordinated by the Association of Roll-to-Roll Converters (ARC)– provides a forum for scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss the latest developments and discoveries in the application and solidification of thin liquid films. The ISCST Symposium features contributions from experts in both academia and industry on topics - [22nd International Coating Science and Technology Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/22nd-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium/) - 22nd International Coating Science and Technology Symposium Sep. 8-11, 2024 | Atlanta, GA About the Symposium The ISCST Symposium provides a forum for scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss the latest developments and discoveries in the application and solidification of thin liquid films. The Symposium features contributions from experts in - [Events & Conferences](https://www.iscst.com/events-conferences/) - History of the Coating Science and Technology Symposium and Past Events The International Coating Science and Technology Symposium has emerged as the premier symposium in the area of liquid film coating and related process fundamentals and applications. The symposium provides a forum for discussion of recent advances in understanding the deposition, solidification, and performance - [Career Opportunities](https://www.iscst.com/career-opportunities/) - This is a free service offered by ISCST, to provide information on job opportunities. Companies can use this template to provide details about their job opportunities and contact information. This information can then be forwarded to Brian G. Higgins for uploading to the website. The ISCST will not screen candidates for companies or provide information/references - [Other Sites](https://www.iscst.com/other-sites/) - Other Related Sites University of Minnesota Coating Process Fundamentals Program American Institute of Chemical Engineers Association for Roll-to-Roll Converters European Coating Symposium - [Extended Abstracts](https://www.iscst.com/extended-abstracts/) - Abstracts from ISCST Symposia To view extended abstracts from the following symposia, please click on the appropriate link. ISCST 2022 (Minneapolis, MN) ISCST 2020 (Virtual Conference) ISCST 2018 (Long Beach, CA) ISCST 2016 (Pittsburgh, PA) ISCST 2014 (San Diego, CA) ISCST 2012 (Atlanta, GA) ISCST 2010 (St. Paul, MN) ISCST 2008 (Marina Del Rey, CA) - [Program Schedule | ISCST 2022 Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/program-schedule-iscst-2022-symposium/) - This agenda is subject to change and will include more detailed information closer to the event. 2022 ISCST Symposium Abstracts Session 1 Session 2 Sunday, September 11, 2022 12:00 PM - 5:00 PM Registration - Park Ballroom 5:00 PM - 6:00 PM Networking Session/Poster Session/Table-Top Exhibits - Park Ballroom 6:00 PM - 7:30 PM Welcome - [Sponsorship Opportunities | ISCST 2022 Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/sponsorship-opportunities-iscst-2022-symposium/) - The 2022 ISCST Symposium– coordinated by the Association of International Metallizers, Coaters, and Laminators (AIMCAL)– provides a forum for scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss the latest developments and discoveries in the application and solidification of thin liquid films. The ISCST Symposium features contributions from experts in both academia and - [Pricing | ISCST 2022 Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/pricing-iscst-2022-symposium/) - Attendee Registration Discounts & Expiration Dates Discount Cost Availability Early Bird $799.00 USD per person Available until Friday, June 17th at 5:00 PM EDT Advance Purchase $899.00 USD per person Available between Saturday, June 18th - Sunday, July 31st at 5:00 PM EDT Last Chance $999.00 USD per person Available between Monday, August 1st - - [Program at a Glance | ISCST 2022 Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/program-at-a-glance-iscst-2022-symposium/) - The ISCST 2022 Symposium features content spanning multiple areas of the industry as detailed in the preliminary agenda below. Please be aware, this agenda is subject to change and will be updated with detailed information as soon as it is available. We look forward to seeing you at the Symposium! Date Time Event Sunday, September - [20th ISCST Symposium Extended Abstracts](https://www.iscst.com/20th-symposium-preliminary-agenda/) - Sunday, September 20 7:30 AM - 11:30 AM Short course: Industrial Web Drying – Fundamentals and Practice, Mr. Steve Zagar, Dürr Systems, Inc., and Dr. Ted Lightfoot, Ted Lightfoot LLC Open Vendor/Poster Virtual Exhibits (Available for viewing on Event Platform) Monday, September 21 7:30 AM - 7:45 AM Opening Remarks: Brent Bell, ISCST President; Ilyess - [20th ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/symposium/20th-iscst-symposium/) - 20th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium Sep. 20-23, 2020 | Virtual Event Short Course Information About the Symposium The ISCST Symposium provides a forum for scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss the latest developments and discoveries in the application and solidification of thin liquid films. The Symposium features contributions - [17th ISCST Symposium (2014)](https://www.iscst.com/2014-iscst-symposium/) - 17th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium Sep. 7-10, 2014 | Sheraton Carlsbad Resort | San Diego, CA View the Full Agenda View Extended Abstracts Symposium Highlights The 2014 ISCST Symposium in Carlsbad, CA was extremely successful. Attendees from across the globe converged to exchange information and network. The plenary session on Coatings for Energy - [2016 Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/2016-symposium/) - The 18th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium September 18-21, 2016 Omni William Penn Hotel, Pittsburgh, PA The ISCST Symposium provides a forum for scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss the latest developments and discoveries in the application and solidification of thin liquid films. The Symposium features contributions from experts - [Conference Photos](https://www.iscst.com/conference-photos/) - 2006 ISCST Awards Banqet 2008 ISCST Awards Banqet 2010 ISCST Awards Banqet 2016 ISCST Awards Banqet 2012 ISCST Symposium 2014 ISCST Symposium 2016 ISCST Symposium 2018 ISCST Symposium - [2018 ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/symposium/2018-iscst-symposium/) - 19th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium Sep. 16-19, 2018 | Long Beach Hilton | Long Beach, CA The cut-off for the early bird and group rate is August 27th. Register and reserve your room today! Sponsorship Opportunities Hotel Information Short Course Agenda Extended Abstract Submission View Poster Sessions Registration The Journal - [19th Symposium Extended Abstracts](https://www.iscst.com/19th-symposium-agenda/) - Sunday, September 16 7:00 AM - 8:00 AM Registration 8:00 AM - 4:30 PM Short course: Liquid Films Coating Science and Technology, Prof. Hadj Benkreira, University of Bradford, and Mr. Mark Miller, CEO Coating Tech Slot Dies and Coating Tech Service 12:00 PM - 5:00 PM Registration 5:00 PM - 6:00 PM Networking Session 6:00 - [2016 ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/2016-iscst-symposium/) - 18th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium Sep. 18-21, 2016 | Omni William Penn Hotel | Pittsburgh, PA View the Full Agenda View Extended Abstracts Symposium Highlights The 2016 Symposium was held in Pittsburgh from September 18th to the 21st and featured a plenary session on Micro-/Nano-Replication technology for the creation of patterned surfaces for printed electronics, - [Dr. Ilyess Hadj Romdhane](https://www.iscst.com/dr-ilyess-hadj-romdhane/) - Ilyess Hadj Romdhane received his B.S. (Chemical Engineering) from California State University at Long Beach in 1987, and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Chemical Engineering from Pennsylvania State University in 1990 and 1994, respectively. Ilyess then joined 3M’s Engineering Systems and Technology as an R&D engineer developing new Drying and Curing process technologies. He - [Prof. Frank Kleine Jäger- Biography](https://www.iscst.com/prof-frank-kleine-jager-biography/) - Frank is currently Senior Research Manager and Head of Solids Formulation and Handling Group at BASF SE in Ludwigshafen. In this role, he manages the global R&D activities in this field of Solids and Film Processing ranging from development of new process technologies and optimization to trouble shouting and debottlenecking in BASF’s global production plants. - [Wilhelm Schabel - Biography](https://www.iscst.com/wilhelm-schabel-biography/) - Prof. Wilhelm Schabel heads a research group Thin Film Technology at KIT with Coating & Printing laboratories at KIT Campus South and KIT Campus North. He studied process engineer, his doctor thesis (summa cum laude) in the field of film drying was honored with the Carl-Freudenberg Award in 2006. He gained industrial experiences in - [18th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2016)](https://www.iscst.com/18th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium2016/) - 18th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2016) Monday Sep 19, 2016 Tuesday Sep 20, 2016 Wednesday Sep 21, 2016 Monday September 19, 2016 Plenary Session Drying and Curing Fundamentals Session Leaders: Ted Lightfoot and Philip Scharfer Controlled solution-deposition by modulating gas phase convection, Ber Wedershoven, Eindhoven University of Technology Download PDF Non-solenoidal Effects During the Drying of Thin - [17th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2014) Wednesday](https://www.iscst.com/17th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2014-wednesday/) - 17th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2014) Monday Sep 8, 2014 Tuesday Sep 9, 2014 Wednesday Sep 10, 2014 Wednesday September 10, 2014 SessionsWetting Session Leaders: Pirouz Kavehpour, UCLA and Terry Blake, Universities of Mons Wetting and Adsorption Fundamentals Ramon Cerro, University of Alabama in Hunts, Elena Diaz Martin, Universidad de Salamanca and - [18th ISCST Symposium Agenda](https://www.iscst.com/agenda/) - This is a preliminary agenda and is subject to change. SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 18 7:00 AM - 8:00 AM Registration 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM Short Course: Coating Substrates and Substrate Interactions,Terry Blake, Universities of Mons, Prof. Douglas W. Bousfield, University of Maine, Dr. E. J. (Ted) Lightfoot, DuPont 12:00 PM - 5:00 PM Registration 7: 00 - [2016 ISCST Awards Banqet](https://www.iscst.com/2016-iscst-awards-banqet/) - [Short Courses](https://www.iscst.com/2016-symposium/short-courses/) - Coating Substrates and Substrate Interactions Prior to the symposium, ISCST offers an outstanding continuing education course taught by leading industry experts. You can add this course to your conference registration or register for the short course only. Standard Registration: $495 | Student Registration: $245 Omni William Penn Hotel, Pittsburgh, PA Sunday, September 7, 8:30am - - [Sponsors](https://www.iscst.com/sponsors/) - ISCST Thanks the Following Sponsors of Their Support of the 2016 Symposium Platinum Sponsorships: Gold Sponsorships: Silver Sponsorships: Corporate Sponsorships: - [Sponsorships](https://www.iscst.com/symposium/2014-symposium/sponsorships/) - 18th Symposium Sponsorship Opportunities This Symposium is expected to attract 200-300 engineers and scientists from the world’s leading manufacturers of coated products and academic programs in coating science. It is an ideal opportunity for companies to reach individuals who improve and scale-up new coating processes, new coated products and those who are likely to do so - [Pricing](https://www.iscst.com/2016-symposium/pricing/) - Registration Fees EarlyBird prices end August 21, 2016. EarlyBird Price Price Standard Registration $795 $845 Additional Registrations from same company $745 $795 Student Registration $195 $195 Faculty/Retiree Registration $495 $495 TableTop Exhibitor (includes one registration) $1500 $1500 Additional Items Price Short Course - Standard Registration $495 Short Course - Student Registration $245 For more information, - [Ta-Jo Liu - Biography](https://www.iscst.com/ta-jo-liu-biography/) - Ta-Jo received his BS in Chemical Engineering from National Taiwan University (1973) and PhD in Chemical Engineering from Polytechnic University of New York (1979). He worked for Eastman Kodak Co. from 1979-1983, then spent one year with Colegate-Palmolive Co. from 1983-1984. Ta-Jo returned to Taiwan and became an associate professor at the Department of Chemical - [Shuzo Fuchigami - Biography](https://www.iscst.com/shuzo-fuchigami-biography/) - Shuzo Fuchigami is currently a consultant in the area of precision coating technology and technology management and an IPrime Fellow at the University of Minnesota. After graduating from the Department of Chemical Engineering at Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1966 he had excellent industrial experience, both in technology development and business management in Fuji Film - [Randy Schunk - Biography](https://www.iscst.com/randy-schunk-biography/) - Randy Schunk has served as an officer of the ISCST for nine years and is currently on the board of directors. He is also a distinguished member of technical staff at Sandia National Laboratories, where his technical work includes computational mechanics with applications to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), fluid wetting and spreading and research in numerical - [Masato Yamamura - Biography](https://www.iscst.com/masato-yamamura-biography/) - Masato Yamamura received his B.Eng and M.Eng degrees (Chemical Engineering) from Kyoto University in 1991 and 1993, and in 1998 he earned his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from Kyoto University. His Ph.D. thesis work focused not on coating but rather on fluid flow and heat/mass transfers in hot-dry-rock geothermal reservoir. Since 1996, Masato has been - [Hadj Benkreira - Biography](https://www.iscst.com/hadj-benkreira-biography/) - Hadj Benkreira (CEng, FIChemE) received his B.Eng and M.Sc degrees (Chemical Engineering) from the University of Bradford (UK) in 1976 and 1977 respectively. He stayed on at Bradford and obtained his PhD in the Fluid Mechanics of Coating Flows in 1980 under the supervision of Professor W.L .Wilkinson (FRS). Following five years of EPSRC postdoctoral - [European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Wednesday](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2007-paris-france/) - European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Wednesday Sep 12, 2007 Thursday Sep 13, 2007 Friday Sep 14, 2007 Wednesday September 12, 2007 Sessions INVITED SPEAKER: Making a splash with water repellency Lydéric Bocquet Université de Lyon SESSION 1: Drops The instability of inkjet printed rivulets Andrew Clarke Kodak European Research, Cambridge Drop impacting a - [European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Thursday](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2007-paris-france-thursday/) - European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Wednesday Sep 12, 2007 Thursday Sep 13, 2007 Friday Sep 14, 2007 Thursday September 13, 2007 Sessions INVITED SPEAKER: Influence of colloidal stability on the uniformity of drying in waterborne colloidal coatings J. L. Keddie, T. G. Weerakkody, A. M. König, D. Johannsmann, R. P. Sear, P. J. - [European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Friday](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2007-paris-france-friday/) - European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Wednesday Sep 12, 2007 Thursday Sep 13, 2007 Friday Sep 14, 2007 Friday September 14, 2007 Sessions INVITED SPEAKER: Engineered surfaces with controlled wettability H. Arribart Saint-Gobain Recherche SESSION 5: Heterogeneous or Textured Substrates Filling dynamics at the onset of spontaneous Cassie-Baxter-Wenzel transition C. Pirat, M. Sbragaglia, A. - [European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) - Session 6](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2007-paris-france-session-6/) - European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Wednesday Sep 12, 2007 Thursday Sep 13, 2007 Friday Sep 14, 2007 Friday September 14, 2007 Sessions SESSION 6: Contact Lines Dynamics of dewetting at the nanoscale - A molecular dynamics study E. Bertrand, T. D. Blake, J. De Coninck University of Mons-Hainaut Receding contact angle in the - [European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) - Session 4C](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2007-paris-france-session-4c/) - European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Wednesday Sep 12, 2007 Thursday Sep 13, 2007 Friday Sep 14, 2007 Thursday September 13, 2007 Sessions SESSION 4c: Coating Flows Dynamic wetting failure in air and other gases under reduced pressures H. Benkreira, M.I.Khan, R.Patel, B.Ikin University of Bradford On the Landau-Levich transition. G. Delon, J. Snoeijer, - [European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) - Session 4B](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2007-paris-france-session-4b/) - European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Wednesday Sep 12, 2007 Thursday Sep 13, 2007 Friday Sep 14, 2007 Thursday September 13, 2007 Sessions SESSION 4b: Nanoscales Detection of the precursor film in front of the moving contact line Using fluorescence microscopy H. P. Kavehpour UCLA Wall slip at hexadecane ! silica or sapphire interfaces: - [European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) - Session 4A](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2007-paris-france-session-4a/) - European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Wednesday Sep 12, 2007 Thursday Sep 13, 2007 Friday Sep 14, 2007 Thursday September 13, 2007 Sessions SESSION 4a: Numerical Simulations Mesoscopic simulations of multi-phase flows: static and dynamics L. Biferale, R. Benzi, M. Sbragaglia, S. Succi, F. Toschi Universit a di Tor Vergata Modeling capillary phenomena at - [European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) - Session 3B](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2007-paris-france-session-3b/) - European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Wednesday Sep 12, 2007 Thursday Sep 13, 2007 Friday Sep 14, 2007 Thursday September 13, 2007 Sessions SESSION 3b: Coating Processes CFD Simulation of Jet Wiping Process A comparison with analytical model and experiments K. Myrillas, J-M. Buchlin von Karman Institute Modelling the discrete cell gravure roll coating - [European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) - Session 2](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2007-paris-france-session-2/) - European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Wednesday Sep 12, 2007 Thursday Sep 13, 2007 Friday Sep 14, 2007 Wednesday September 12, 2007 Sessions SESSION 2: Drying Coating with colloids by receding contact lines G. Berteloot, L.Limat, A. Daerr Universite Paris Patterns formation during the drying of a colloidal suspension : influence of the contact - [European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) - Poster Session 3](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2007-paris-france-poster-session-3/) - European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Wednesday Sep 12, 2007 Thursday Sep 13, 2007 Friday Sep 14, 2007 Wednesday September 12, 2007 Sessions Poster Session 3 New sizing compositions for glass fibres K. Chuda, J.-P. Denis, D. Serughetti Saint-Gobain Recherche Factors influencing S' in the coating window for curtain coating. H. Ahlqvist, G. Gugler - [European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) - Poster Session 2](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2007-paris-france-poster-session-2/) - European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Wednesday Sep 12, 2007 Thursday Sep 13, 2007 Friday Sep 14, 2007 Wednesday September 12, 2007 Sessions Poster Session 2 Formation of hydroxypropylated starch films; Structure evolution during casting D. Lafargue, J-L. Doublier, D. Lourdin INRA Unidirectional flow of a thin rivulet of perfectly wetting fluid subject to - [European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) - Poster Session 1](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2007-paris-france-poster-session-1/) - European Coating Symposium 2007 (Paris, France) Wednesday Sep 12, 2007 Thursday Sep 13, 2007 Friday Sep 14, 2007 Wednesday September 12, 2007 Sessions Poster Session 1 Formation of aligned wrinkling patterns by selective adhesion H. Vandeparre, J.Léopoldès, C. Poulard, S. Desprez , P.Damman Université de Mons-Hainaut. Dewetting of polystyrene thin films on terraced substrates: - [European Coating Symposium 2005 (Bradford, UK) Thursday](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2005-bradford-uk-thursday/) - European Coating Symposium 2005 (Bradford, UK) Wednesday Sep 7, 2005 Thursday Sep 8, 2005 Friday Sep 9, 2005 Thursday September 8, 2005 Sessions KEYNOTE ADDRESS 2: A review of contact line motion Jens Eggers University of Bristol, UK SESSION 2: OPERATING COATERS (cont) The interfacial slippage of paper during blade metering P. Alam and - [European Coating Symposium 2005 (Bradford, UK) Friday](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2005-bradford-uk-friday/) - European Coating Symposium 2005 (Bradford, UK) Wednesday Sep 7, 2005 Thursday Sep 8, 2005 Friday Sep 9, 2005 Friday September 9, 2005 Sessions KEYNOTE ADDRESS 3: The trend towards low impact coating of paper & board J. C. Husband, A. G. Hiorns Imerys Minerals Ltd, UK SESSION 4: WETTING & SPREADING (cont) Slippage and - [European Coating Symposium 2005 (Bradford, UK) - Posters Session](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2005-bradford-uk-posters-session/) - European Coating Symposium 2005 (Bradford, UK) Wednesday Sep 7, 2005 Thursday Sep 8, 2005 Friday Sep 9, 2005 Wednesday September 7, 2005 Sessions POSTER SESSION Numerical investigation of the linear response of a viscous liquid sheet N. Alleborn, H. Raszillier University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany An Experimental Investigation of the On-set of Ribbing in Forward-mode Deformable - [European Coating Symposium 2005 (Bradford, UK) Wednesday](https://www.iscst.com/european-coating-symposium-2005-bradford-uk-wednesday/) - European Coating Symposium 2005 (Bradford, UK) Wednesday Sep 7, 2005 Thursday Sep 8, 2005 Friday Sep 9, 2005 Wednesday September 7, 2005 Sessions SESSION 1: MODELLING OF COATING FLOWS Thin-film flow on a stationary or uniformly rotating horizontal cylinder subject to a prescribed uniform shear stress at the free surface S. K. Wilson, B. - [E. J.(Ted) Lightfoot - Biography](https://www.iscst.com/e-j-ted-lightfoot-biography/) - E. J. (Ted) Lightfoot received his B.S.E in Chemical Engineering from Princeton University in 1978. After brief employment with Exxon Research and Engineering (coal liquefaction), he returned to academia to earn his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (also in Chemical Engineering with minors in Physical Chemistry, Solid State Physics - [Doug Bousfield - Biography](https://www.iscst.com/doug-bousfield-biography/) - Doug Bousfield received his B.S and M.S degrees (Chemical Engineering) from Montana State University in 1981 and Oregon State University in 1983, respectively and in 1986 he earned his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from University of California-Berkeley. Profesor Bousfield is presently the Director of the Paper Surface Science Program at the University of Maine and - [Brian G. Higgins - Biography](https://www.iscst.com/brian-g-higgins-biography/) - Brian G. Higgins received his B.Sc and M.Sc degrees (chemical engineering) from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and in 1980 his Ph.D in chemical engineering from the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Since 1983 Prof. Higgins has been a faculty member in the Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science at the University of California, - [Attendees 2012](https://www.iscst.com/attendees-2012/) - The 16th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium September 9-12, 2012 Short Course: September 9, 2012 Loews Atlanta Hotel Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, USA Call 888-431-8777 USA toll free or 805-340-0608 for Symposium information. List of Attendees as of September 5, 2012 Company Name Position 3M Brasil Dr. Eduardo Perez Manufacturing Technology Engineer 3M Company - [An-Bang Wang - Biography](https://www.iscst.com/an-bang-wang-biography/) - An-Bang Wang received his B.Sc. (Mechanical Eng.) and M.Sc. (Power mechanical Eng.) from Cheng-Kung University and Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC), respectively. He served then as a mechanical officer at the arsenal, Combined Service Forces from 1981 to 1983. He was a mechanical engineer, project manager and head of the mechatronic department at - [17th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2014) Tuesday](https://www.iscst.com/17th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2014-tuesday/) - 17th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2014) Monday Sep 8, 2014 Tuesday Sep 9, 2014 Wednesday Sep 10, 2014 Tuesday September 11, 2014 SessionsCoating Process FundamentalsSession Leaders: Randall Schunk, University of New Mexico and James Gilchrist, Lehigh University Direct Thickness Measurement of Doctor-Bladed Liquid Film on Gravure Roll Surface Hidenobu Miura and M. - [17th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2014) Poster Session](https://www.iscst.com/17th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2014-poster-session/) - 17th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2014) Monday Sep 8, 2014 Tuesday Sep 9, 2014 Wednesday Sep 10, 2014 Poster Session: Fluid Stability on a Rotating Roll Surface Doug Bousfield, University of Maine New Modular Coating Head for Roll to Roll Process Jürgen Hanel, A .Monforts Textilmaschinen GmbH & Co. KG Analysis of - [17th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2014) Monday](https://www.iscst.com/17th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2014-monday/) - 17th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2014) Monday Sep 8, 2014 Tuesday Sep 9, 2014 Wednesday Sep 10, 2014 Monday September 8, 2014 SessionsCoating for Energy ApplicationsSession Leaders: Brian Higgins (University of California,Davis) and E. Ted Lightfoot (Dupont) Thin Film Solar Cells from Colloidal Nanocrystal Coatings Eray Aydil, University of Minnesota Processing of Solar - [16th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2012) Wednesday](https://www.iscst.com/16th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2012-wednesday/) - 16th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2012) Monday Sep 10, 2012 Tuesday Sep 11, 2012 Wednesday Sep 12, 2012 Wednesday September 12, 2012 Sessions Technical Session 5: WETTINGCo-Chairs: Terry Blake (University of Mons) and Pirouz Kavehpour (University of California, Los Angeles) PREDICTING THE DYNAMIC OF DEWETTING T.D. Blake, J. De Coninck University of - [16th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2012) Tuesday](https://www.iscst.com/16th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2012-tuesday/) - 16th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2012) Monday Sep 10, 2012 Tuesday Sep 11, 2012 Wednesday Sep 12, 2012 Tuesday September 11, 2012 SessionsSpecial Technical Session 1: NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIESCo-Chairs: Randy Schunk (Sandia National Lab/University of New Mexico) and Alberto Goenaga (NanoH2O) NANOSTRUCTURE THIN FILMS VIA LAYER-BY-LAYER ASSEMBLY AT THE INDUSTRIAL SCALE K. - [16th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2012) Posters](https://www.iscst.com/16th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2012-posters/) - 16th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2012) Monday Sep 10, 2012 Tuesday Sep 11, 2012 Wednesday Sep 12, 2012 Monday September 10 and Tuesday September 11, 2012 Sessions General Poster Session: POSTER PRESENTATIONSCo-Chairs: Wieslaw Suszynski (University of Mons) and Philip Scharfer (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) SLOT DIE MATERIAL INNOVATIONS: TUNGSTEN CARBIDE N. Rikita, - [16th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2012) Monday](https://www.iscst.com/16th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2012-monday/) - 16th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2012) Monday Sep 10, 2012 Tuesday Sep 11, 2012 Wednesday Sep 12, 2012 Monday September 10, 2012 SessionsPlenary Session: WHAT IT TAKES TO COMMERCIALIZE AN INNOVATIONCo-Chairs: Ramon Cerro (University of Alabama) and E. Ted Lightfoot (Dupont) COMMERICIALIZATION OF INNOVATION AT 3M Mr. Anthony B. Clinch 3M Company OVERVIEW - [15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2010) Wednesday](https://www.iscst.com/15th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2010-wednesday/) - 15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2010) Monday Sep 13, 2010 Tuesday Sep 14, 2010 Wednesday Sep 15, 2010 Wednesday September 15, 2010 SessionsTechnical Session 5: FLOW AND DRYING OF PARTICULATE COATINGS Co-Chairs: Satish Kumar (University of Minnesota) and Doug Bousfield (University of Maine) COATING DIE DESIGN FOR SUSPENSIONS T.-J. Liu, Y.-Y. Lin, and - [15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2010) Tuesday](https://www.iscst.com/15th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2010-tuesday/) - 15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2010) Monday Sep 13, 2010 Tuesday Sep 14, 2010 Wednesday Sep 15, 2010 Tuesday September 14, 2010 SessionsSpecial Technical Session: BIOMEDICAL Co-Chairs: Alon McCormick (Univeristy of Minnesota) and Roger Yonkoski (3M) MICROSTRUCTURE MODELING OF CONTROLLED RELEASE DRUG COATINGS David M. Saylor Food and Drug Administration HYDROPHILIC COATINGS FOR - [15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2010) Monday](https://www.iscst.com/15th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2010-monday/) - 15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2010) Monday Sep 13, 2010 Tuesday Sep 14, 2010 Wednesday Sep 15, 2010 Monday September 13, 2010 SessionsSpecial Technical Session: ENERGY Co-Chairs: Shuzo Fuchigami (Consultant) and Masato Yamamura (Kyushu Institute of Technology) THE ROLE OF PROCESSING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PERFORMANCE SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS B.P. Borglum - [15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2010) - Technical Session 7](https://www.iscst.com/15th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2010-technical-session-7/) - 15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2010) Monday Sep 13, 2010 Tuesday Sep 14, 2010 Wednesday Sep 15, 2010 Wednesday September 15, 2010 Sessions Technical Session 7: COATING SURFACES AND STRUCTURES Co-Chairs: Willi Schabel (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) and Soumendra Basu (Eastman Chemical) MARANGONI INSTABILITIES IN TRANSIENT COATING FLOWS: THE ROLE OF MULTIPLE TIME - [15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2010) - Technical Session 6](https://www.iscst.com/15th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2010-technical-session-6/) - 15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2010) Monday Sep 13, 2010 Tuesday Sep 14, 2010 Wednesday Sep 15, 2010 Wednesday September 15, 2010 SessionsTechnical Session 6: WETTING Co-Chairs: Marcio Carvalho (PUC-Rio) and Randy Shunk (Sandia National Labs) INTRINSIC CONTACT ANGLE HYSTERESIS E. D. Martin, M. Savage, and R. L. Cerro University of Alabama in - [15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2010) - Technical Session 4](https://www.iscst.com/15th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2010-technical-session-4/) - 15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2010) Monday Sep 13, 2010 Tuesday Sep 14, 2010 Wednesday Sep 15, 2010 Tuesday September 14, 2010 Sessions Technical Session 4: DRYING AND SOLIDIFICATION Co-Chairs: Masato Yamamura (Kyushu Institute of Technology) and Joan Noyola (3M) INFLUENCE OF PLASTICIZERS ON THE DIFFUSION OF SOLVENTS IN POLYMERS M. Müller, P. - [15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2010) - Technical Session 3](https://www.iscst.com/15th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2010-technical-session-3/) - 15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2010) Monday Sep 13, 2010 Tuesday Sep 14, 2010 Wednesday Sep 15, 2010 Tuesday September 14, 2010 SessionsTechnical Session 3: PRINTING, PATTERNING AND DISCRETE OBJECT COATING Co-Chairs: Ramon Cerro (Univeristy of Alabama) and Martti Toivakka (Åbo Akademi University) MULTICHANNEL DEVELOPMENT FOR THE "AIR-BUBBLE COATING" I.-C. Lin, A.-B. Wang, - [15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2010) - Special Technical Session 2](https://www.iscst.com/15th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2010-special-technical-session-2/) - 15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2010) Monday Sep 13, 2010 Tuesday Sep 14, 2010 Wednesday Sep 15, 2010 Monday September 13, 2010 SessionsSpecial Technical Session 2: Nanomaterial and Nanoscale Coatings Co-Chairs: Alon McCormick (U of MN) and Roger Yonkowski (3M) GAS BARRIER AND ANTI-FLAMMABILITY OF THIN NANO BRICK WALL COATINGS Y.C. Li, J.C. - [15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2010) - Special Technical Session 1](https://www.iscst.com/15th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2010-special-technical-session-1/) - 15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2010) Monday Sep 13, 2010 Tuesday Sep 14, 2010 Wednesday Sep 15, 2010 Monday September 13, 2010 SessionsSpecial Technical Session 1: Coating Application Processes Co-Chairs: Brian G. Higgins (UC Davis) and Len Schwartz (University of Delaware) FLOW LIMITS IN SINGLE LAYER TENSIONED-WEB COATING:NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS J. Nam - [15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2010) - Posters](https://www.iscst.com/15th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2010-posters/) - 15th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2010) Monday Sep 13, 2010 Tuesday Sep 14, 2010 Wednesday Sep 15, 2010 Monday September 13, 2010 SessionsGeneral Poster Session: POSTER PRESENTATIONS DETERMINATION OF DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS OF WATER IN POLYMERIC FILMS FOR BLOOD GLUCOSE TEST STRIPS S. Kachel, Y. Zhou, S. DuVall, P. Scharfer, W. Schabel Karlsruhe Institute - [14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2008) Wednesday](https://www.iscst.com/14th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2008-wednesday/) - 14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2008) Monday Sep 8, 2006 Tuesday Sep 9, 2008 Wednesday Sep 10, 2008 Wednesday September 10, 2000 SessionsSpecial Technical Session 2: TRIBUTE TO PROF. L.E. SCRIVEN'S CONTRIBUTION TO COATING SCIENCE Randy Schunk (Sandia National Laboratory) and Juan Manuel de Santos (Avery-Dennison) EVAPORATION INDUCED SELF-ASSEMBLY DURING THIN FILM COATING - [14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2008) Tuesday](https://www.iscst.com/14th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2008-tuesday/) - 14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2008) Monday Sep 7, 2008 Tuesday Sep 9, 2008 Wednesday Sep 10, 2008 Tuesday September 9, 2008 SessionsTechnical Session 3: NEW DIRECTIONS IN COATING AND DRYING Co-Chairs: Michael Savage (University of Leeds) and Yukio Yamaguchi (The University of Tokyo) TALE: AN ARBITRARY LAGRANGIAN-EULERIAN APPROACH TO FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION PROBLEMS - [14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2008) Monday](https://www.iscst.com/14th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2008-monday/) - 14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2008) Monday Sep 8, 2008 Tuesday Sep 9, 2008 Wednesday Sep 10, 2008 Monday September 8, 2008 SessionsSpecial Technical Session 1: COATING CHALLENGES IN THE DISPLAY INDUSTRY Co-Chairs: Shuzo Fuchigami (Consultant) and Masato Yamamura (Kyushu Institute of Technology) COATING DEFECTS IN ROLL-TO-ROLL PRINTED ELECTRONICS Eitan Zeira, Jeremiah Mwaura - [14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2008) - Technical Session 5](https://www.iscst.com/14th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2008-technical-session-5/) - 14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2008) Monday Sep 8, 2008 Tuesday Sep 9, 2008 Wednesday Sep 10, 2008 Tuesday September 9, 2008 Sessions Technical Session 5: SOLIDIFICATION AND MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT II Co-Chairs: W. Blake Kolb (3M Company) and Aparna Bhave (Boston Scientific) PROCESS WINDOWS FOR PATTERNED PARTICULATE COATINGS T. Reynolds, L.F. Francis - [14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2008) - Technical Session 4](https://www.iscst.com/14th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2008-technical-session-4/) - 14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2008) Monday Sep 8, 2008 Tuesday Sep 9, 2008 Wednesday Sep 10, 2008 Tuesday September 9, 2008 SessionsTechnical Session 4: COATING APPLICATION PROCESSES II Co-Chairs: Ramon Cerro (University of Alabama in Huntsville) and Kathleen Stebe (University of Pennsylvania) EXTENSIONAL DEFORMATION OF LIQUID BRIDGES NEAR GRAVURE CELLS Shawn Dodds, - [14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2008) - Technical Session 2](https://www.iscst.com/14th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2008-technical-session-2/) - 14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2008) Monday Sep 8, 2006 Tuesday Sep 9, 2006 Wednesday Sep 10, 2006 Monday September 8, 2008 SessionsTechnical Session 2: SOLIDIFICATION AND MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT I Co-Chairs: Wilhelm Schabel (Univerity of Karlruhe) and Mei Wen (Arkema) STRESS DEVELOPMENT IN NANO-COMPOSITE SILICA COATINGS Karan Jindal, L.F. Francis, A.V. McCormick University - [14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2008) - Technical Session 1](https://www.iscst.com/14th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2008-technical-session-1/) - 14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2008) Monday Sep 8, 2008 Tuesday Sep 9, 2008 Wednesday Sep 10, 2008 Monday September 8, 2008 SessionsTechnical Session 1: COATING APPLICATION PROCESSES I Co-Chairs: Luigi Sartor (Avery-Dennison) and Enrique Rame (Glenn Research Center, NASA) DYNAMICS OF COATING FLOWS WITH CHEMICAL REACTION Brian G.Higgins University of California, Davis - [14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2008) - Posters](https://www.iscst.com/14th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2008-posters/) - 14th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2008) Monday Sep 8, 2008 Tuesday Sep 9, 2008 Wednesday Sep 10, 2008 Monday September 8, 2008 SessionsGeneral Poster Session : POSTER PRESENTATIONS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGGREGATE STRUCTURES AND SETTLING FOR COLLOIDAL SILICA PARTICLES IN AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION K. Oku, S. Inasawa, Y. Yamaguchi, The University of Tokyo SENSITIVITY - [13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2006) Wednesday](https://www.iscst.com/13th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2006-wednesday/) - 13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2006) Monday Sep 11, 2006 Tuesday Sep 12, 2006 Wednesday Sep 13, 2006 Wednesday September 13, 2006 SessionsSESSION 8: Coating and Drying Fundamentals Co-Chairs: Luigi Sartor (Avery Dennison) and Marcio Carvalho (PUC-Rio) To Coat is to Replace Gas at Surface of Solid by Liquid: Where Does the Gas - [13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2006) Tuesday](https://www.iscst.com/13th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2006-tuesday/) - 13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2006) Monday Sep 11, 2006 Tuesday Sep 12, 2006 Wednesday Sep 13, 2006 Tuesday September 12, 2006 SessionsSESSION 4: Experimental and Numerical Methods I Co-Chairs: Hadj Benkreira (University of Bradford) and Wilhelm Schabel (Universitat Kalsruhe) Marangoni Flows in Drying of Colloidal Films S. G. Yiantsios, B. G. Higgins - [13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2006) Monday](https://www.iscst.com/13th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2006-monday/) - 13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2006) Monday Sep 11, 2006 Tuesday Sep 12, 2006 Wednesday Sep 13, 2006 Monday September 11, 2006 SessionsSESSION 1: Continuum and Molecular Approaches to Dynamic Contact Lines Co-Chairs: Paul Steen (Cornell University) and Ramon Cerro (University of Alabama in Huntsville) The Physics of Moving Wetting Lines - A - [13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2006) - Special Session 3](https://www.iscst.com/13th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2006-special-session-3/) - 13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2006) Monday Sep 11, 2006 Tuesday Sep 12, 2006 Wednesday Sep 13, 2006 Monday September 11, 2006 Sessions SESSION 3: Microstructure Development and Drying Co-Chairs: Peter Price (3M) and Masato Yamamura (Kyushu Institute of Technology) Mass Transfer in Thin Layers W. Schabel University of Karlsruhe(TH) Optimization of Operating - [13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2006) - Session 7](https://www.iscst.com/13th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2006-session-7/) - 13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2006) Monday Sep 11, 2006 Tuesday Sep 12, 2006 Wednesday Sep 13, 2006 Tuesday September 12, 2006 SessionsSESSION 7: Discontinuous and Particulate Coatings II Co-Chairs: Jason Pyane (Eastman Kodak) and James Brethour (Flow Science) Overview of Nanonparticle Project in Japan Y. Yamaguchi, M. Fujita University of Tokyo Controlled-Evaporation - [13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2006) - Session 5](https://www.iscst.com/13th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2006-session-5/) - 13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2006) Monday Sep 11, 2006 Tuesday Sep 12, 2006 Wednesday Sep 13, 2006 Tuesday September 12, 2006 SessionsSESSION 5: Discontinuous and Particulate Coatings I Co-Chairs: Dunbar Birnie (Rutgers University) and John McLaughlin (Clarkson University) Spreading and Infiltration of Films and Droplets on Permeable Layered Substrates D. Gerlach, N. - [13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2006) - Session 3](https://www.iscst.com/13th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2006-session-3/) - 13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2006) Monday Sep 11, 2006 Tuesday Sep 12, 2006 Wednesday Sep 13, 2006 Monday September 11, 2006 SessionsSESSION 3: Microstructure Development and Drying Co-Chairs: Peter Price (3M) and Masato Yamamura (Kyushu Institute of Technology) Mass Transfer in Thin Layers W. Schabel University of Karlsruhe(TH) Optimization of Operating Conditions - [13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2006) - Session 2](https://www.iscst.com/13th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2006-session-2/) - 13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2006) Monday Sep 11, 2006 Tuesday Sep 12, 2006 Wednesday Sep 13, 2006 Monday September 11, 2006 SessionsSESSION 2: Dynamic Contact Lines Co-Chairs: Steven Weinstein (Eastman Kodak) and Leonard Schwartz (University of Delaware) Application of a Finite Element Level Set Method to Wetting and Filling Problems at Low - [13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium - Session 6](https://www.iscst.com/13th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-session-6/) - 13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium Monday Sep 11, 2006 Tuesday Sep 12, 2006 Wednesday Sep 13, 2006 Tuesday September 12, 2006 SessionsSESSION 6: Experimental and Numerical Methods II Co-Chairs: Andrew Hrymak (McMaster University) and Robert Yapel (3M) The Effects of pH, Molecular Weight and Degree of Hydrolysis of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Suspensions on - [12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2004) Wednesday](https://www.iscst.com/12th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2004-wednesday/) - 12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2004) Monday Sep 20, 2004 Tuesday Sep 21, 2004 Wednesday Sep 22, 2004 Wednesday September 22, 2004 Sessions SESSION 7: Coating Fundamentals EFFECT OF MILD VISCOELASTICITY IN SLOT COATING'S LOW FLOW LIMIT O. J. Romero, L. E. Scriven, M. S. Carvalho University of Minnesota VISCOELASTIC FLUID DISPLACEMENT FLOWS - [12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2004) Tuesday](https://www.iscst.com/12th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2004-tuesday/) - 12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2004) Monday Sep 20, 2004 Tuesday Sep 21, 2004 Wednesday Sep 22, 2004 Tuesday September 21, 2004 Sessions SESSION 4: Coating Defects and Patterns THIN FILM FLOW OVER SUBSTRATES WITH TOPOGRAPHY P. H. Gaskell, Y-Y. Koh, P. K. Jimack, M. Sellier, H. M. Thompson, M. C. T. Wilson - [12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2004) Monday](https://www.iscst.com/12th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2004-monday/) - 12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2004) Monday Sep 20, 2004 Tuesday Sep 21, 2004 Wednesday Sep 22, 2004 Monday September 20, 2004 Sessions SESSION 1: New Directions in Coating INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO NANOMATERIAL BASED COATINGS H. Schmidt INM, Inc, Saarbucken MICROSTRUCTURE FORMATION OF COATING OF 2D ARRAYS OF BIDISPERSE NANOPARTICLES B. D. Rabideau, - [12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2004) - Session 6](https://www.iscst.com/12th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2004-session-6/) - 12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2004) Monday Sep 20, 2004 Tuesday Sep 21, 2004 Wednesday Sep 22, 2004 Tuesday September 21, 2004 Sessions SESSION 6: Particles & Microstructures RETARDED DRYING IN PHASE SEPARATING POLYMER COATINGS M. Yamamura, S. Ryohei, K. Hiroyuki Kyushu Institute of Technology CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS AND NANORODS USING - [12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2004) - Session 5](https://www.iscst.com/12th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2004-session-5/) - 12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2004) Monday Sep 20, 2004 Tuesday Sep 21, 2004 Wednesday Sep 22, 2004 Tuesday September 21, 2004 SessionsSESSION 5: Coating Technology RHEOLOGY AND PROCESS CONTROL MINIMIZES MISTING M. S. Owens, L. E. Scriven, C. W. Macosko University of Minnesota MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF TRI-HELICAL GRAVURE ROLL COATING R. - [12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2004) - Session 3](https://www.iscst.com/12th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2004-session-3/) - 12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2004) Monday Sep 20, 2004 Tuesday Sep 21, 2004 Wednesday Sep 22, 2004 Monday September 20, 2004 Sessions SESSION 3: Drying STUDY OF EMBOSSING BY CASTING, CURING AND PEELING ON A PATTERNED ROLL M. Torigoe, W. J. Suszynski, J. M. de Santos, L. E. Scriven University of Minnesota - [12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium (2004) - Session 2](https://www.iscst.com/12th-international-coating-science-and-technology-symposium-2004-session-2/) - 12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium(2004) Monday Sep 20, 2004 Tuesday Sep 21, 2004 Wednesday Sep 22, 2004 Monday September 20, 2004 SessionsSESSION 2: Paints and Spray Coating THIN LAYER FLOW MODELING OF THIXOTROPIC LIQUIDS S. Livescu, R. V. Roy, L. W. Schwartz, R. E. Eley University of Delaware IMPACT MODELING OF HVOF - [Hotel & Transportation](https://www.iscst.com/symposium/2014-symposium/hotel-transportation/) - Hotel At the Omni William Penn Hotel history defines elegance in this classic, downtown Pittsburgh hotel. Since opening the doors in 1916, Omni William Penn Hotel has played a starring role in the city of Pittsburgh, hosting movie stars, politicians, heads of state and leaders of business and industry. Make hotel reservations directly with the hotel - [2014 Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/symposium/2014-symposium/) - [Letter from the Chairs](https://www.iscst.com/symposium/2014-symposium/letter-from-the-chairs/) - Dear Colleagues, The ISCST Symposium provides a forum for scientists, engineers and researchers to discuss the latest developments in the application and solidification of thin liquid films. The Symposium features contributions from experts in both academia and industry on topics ranging from fundamental processing science to more applied research and development. The Symposium includes a - [Awards](https://www.iscst.com/symposium/2014-symposium/awards/) - John A. Tallmadge Award for Contributions to Coating Technology This is the preeminent award for engineers and scientists in the international coating community. It recognizes an individual’s significant contributions to the understanding or improvement of the technology of the coating of continuous webs. The award is presented biannually, in even numbered years. Sponsored by: - [Agenda](https://www.iscst.com/symposium/2014-symposium/agenda/) - The Symposium is divided into two tracks. Attendees may choose sessions from either track. This is a preliminary agenda and is subject to change. Sunday, September 7, 2014 7:30 AM - 8:30 AM Registration Location: Sunset Foyer Track: Short Course 8:30 AM - 4:00 PM Coating Substrates and Substrate Interactions Prof. Terry Blake, Universities of - [Andrew Hrymak - Biography](https://www.iscst.com/andrew-hrymak-biography/) - Andrew Hrymak (P.Eng, FCIC, Ph. D. Chem. Eng., Carnegie Mellon University; B.Eng., Chem Eng., McMaster University) joined the Department of Chemical Engineering at McMaster University in 1985 where he is currently Professor and Chair (since 2000). Visiting professor positions include: Xerox Research Centre of Canada, UMIST Materials Science Centre and the Universite Lyon – - [2012 ISCST Photos](https://www.iscst.com/2012-iscst-photos/) - Welcome! Networking Session Introductions and Plenary Session Sponsors, Exhibitors, and Informal Networking Lunch - Overlook L.E. Scriven Young Investigator Award Tallmage Award ISCST Recognitions More Sponsors, Exhibitors, and Informal Networking Technical Sessions Poster Sessions Advanced Coating Dinner Board Meeting - [2010 ISCST Awards Banqet](https://www.iscst.com/2010-iscst-awards-banqet/) - [2008 ISCST Awards Banqet](https://www.iscst.com/2008-iscst-awards-banqet/) - [2006 ISCST Awards Banqet](https://www.iscst.com/2006-iscst-awards-banqet/) - [Home](https://www.iscst.com/home/) ## Sessions - [Opening Remarks](https://www.iscst.com/sessions/opening-remarks/) - [Attendee Breakfast](https://www.iscst.com/sessions/attendee-breakfast/) - Attendee Breakfast - [Speaker Breakfast](https://www.iscst.com/sessions/speaker-breakfast/) - Speaker Breakfast - [Registration](https://www.iscst.com/sessions/registration-2/) - Registration - [Welcome Reception](https://www.iscst.com/sessions/welcome-reception/) - [Networking Session/Poster Session/Table-Top Exhibits](https://www.iscst.com/sessions/networking-session-poster-session-table-top-exhibits/) - [Industrial Web Drying – Fundamentals and Practice](https://www.iscst.com/sessions/industrial-web-drying-fundamentals-and-practice/) - The course modules cover web drying theory and practice from an applications perspective. Discussion includes thermal and mass transfer mechanisms and their impact on design and engineering of drying process equipment. General concepts of wet film solidification are presented with focus on convection and IR drying parameters determined from models and lab-scale work, and how - [Registration](https://www.iscst.com/sessions/registration/) - Registration - [Water-Based Multifunctional Nanocoatings from Polyelectrolyte Complexation: Opportunities & Challenges](https://www.iscst.com/sessions/water-based-multifunctional-nanocoatings-from-polyelectrolyte-complexation-opportunities-challenges/) ## Categories - [Uncategorized](https://www.iscst.com/category/uncategorized/) - [ISCST Symposium](https://www.iscst.com/category/iscst-symposium/) ## Tracks - [Breakfast](https://www.iscst.com/track/breakfast/) - [Preliminary Session](https://www.iscst.com/track/preliminary-session/) - [Registration](https://www.iscst.com/track/registration/) - [Short Course](https://www.iscst.com/track/short-course/) - [Reception](https://www.iscst.com/track/reception/) - [Speaker Breakfast](https://www.iscst.com/track/speaker-breakfast/) - [Attendee Breakfast](https://www.iscst.com/track/attendee-breakfast/) - [Opening Remarks](https://www.iscst.com/track/opening-remarks/) ## Locations - [Park/Terrace (P/T) Foyer](https://www.iscst.com/location/park-terrace-p-t-foyer/) - [Park 2 Ballroom](https://www.iscst.com/location/park-2-ballroom/) - [Terrace Ballroom](https://www.iscst.com/location/terrace-ballroom/)